英語語法學習資料
英語學習—語法—現(xiàn)在完成時
謂語動詞構成：I/we/you/they have worked; he/she/it has worked
(1)表示過去某一時刻發(fā)生，且延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，這種情況常與表示一段的時間狀語連用
We have lived here since last October. 自從去年十月份我們就一直住在這兒。
She has studied English for 5 years. 她學英語已有5年之久
(2) 表示某個已經(jīng)發(fā)生且對現(xiàn)在造成影響或結果的動作，這種情況常不與任何時間狀語連用
I'm sorry I have lost my key. I can't open the door.
對不起，我把鑰匙弄丟了.門開不了了.
She has left. If you want to see her, you'll have to come tomorrow.
她已經(jīng)走了.如果你想見她的話，你得明天再來一趟.
英語學習—語法—現(xiàn)在完成進行時
謂語動詞構成：I/ we/ you/ they have been working
He / she/ it has been working
(1)表示從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，并且還將持續(xù)下去
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中國有2000年的造紙歷史.
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自從三年前以來我一直在學英語.
(2)表示在說話時刻之前剛剛結束的動作
We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 我們已經(jīng)等你半個鐘頭了.
(3)有些現(xiàn)在完成進行時的句子等同于現(xiàn)在完成時的句子
They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.他們在這個城市已經(jīng)住了10年了.
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.我在這里已經(jīng)工作兩年了.
(4)大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在完成進行時的句子不等同于現(xiàn)在完成時的句子
I have been writing a book.（動作還將繼續(xù)下去）我一直在寫一本書.
I have written a book.（動作已經(jīng)完成）我已經(jīng)寫了一本書.
(5)表示狀態(tài)的動詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時
I have known him for years. 我認識他已經(jīng)好幾年了.
這類不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時的動詞還有：love愛，like喜歡，hate討厭，等.
英語學習—語法—一般將來時
謂語動詞構成：I/ we shall work ， he/ she/ it/ you/ they will work
will在陳述句中用于各人稱，在疑問句中常用于第二人稱
(1)表示將要發(fā)生的動作
Perhaps I shall play a visit to France this winter.
我可能在今年冬天到法國觀光。
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點你會在家嗎？
(2)“be going to +不定式”多用于口語中，表示打算、將要發(fā)生的事.
What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你要干什么？
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏云，暴風雨快來了.
(3)“be +不定式”表示安排或計劃好了的動作
When are they to hand in their plan? 他們的計劃什么時候交上來？
The queen is to visit Japan next year. 女王將于明年訪日.
(4)“be about +不定式”表示即將發(fā)生的動作
He is about to retire. 他即將退休.
The English evening is about to begin. 英語晚會即將開始.
(5)come，go等動詞用“一般現(xiàn)在時”表示按規(guī)定、計劃或時間表將要發(fā)生的事
He starts next week. 他下個星期出發(fā).
We leave very soon. 我們很快就離開.
(6)come，go等動詞在口語中用“現(xiàn)在進行時”表示主語計劃將要作的動作
They are leaving for New York tomorrow. 明天他們將要動身前往紐約.
Is your brother departing soon? 你的兄弟很快就要啟程嗎？
英語學習—語法—過去完成時
謂語動詞構成：I/we/you/they had worked; he/she/it had worked
(1)表示過去某一時刻之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，常與由by，before引導的時間狀語連用
We had learned 5000 words by the end of last month.
到上個月底為止我已經(jīng)學了五千個單詞.
I had finished the composition before supper. 晚飯前我就已經(jīng)把作文寫完了.
(2)表示過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，常與由when，before等連詞引導的時間狀語從句連用
When I woke up it had already stopped raining. 我醒來的時候雨就已經(jīng)停了.
I hadn't learned any English before I came here. 我來這兒之前沒學過英語.
(3)用于賓語從句或間接引語中
I wondered who had taken the umbrella without permission.
我想知道誰不經(jīng)允許就把雨傘拿去.
He told me that he had passed the exam. 他告訴我他已通過考試.
(4)某些動詞的過去完成時表示一個打算要做卻沒有做成的事.
I had intended to come over to see you last night, but someone called and I couldn't get away. 昨晚我本打算來看你，但有人來找，脫不開身.
We had hoped to catch the early bus, but found it was gone.
我們本來希望乘早班車，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)車已開了.
(5)用于表示與過去事實相反的虛擬條件從句中
If you had come yesterday, you would have met him.
如果你昨天來的話，你就已經(jīng)見到他的面了.
She would have come if she hadn’t been so busy.
要不是這么忙的話，她就已經(jīng)來了.
英語學習—語法—過去進行時
謂語動詞構成：I/he/she/it was working; we/you/they were working
(1)表示過去某一時刻或過去某段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作，一般要有表示過去時間的狀語
At that time she was working in Oxford. 那時，她正在牛津大學工作.
It was raining at 6 o'clock this morning. 今天早晨六點鐘天正下著雨.
What were you doing when I phoned you last night? 昨晚我給你打電話時你在干什么？
(2)可用來表示由過去某時持續(xù)到另一時間的過去動作
He was studying in Cambridge between 1999 and 2001.
在1999年和2001年那段時間，他在劍橋?qū)W習.
From January to March I was traveling in Egypt.
從3月份到4月份期間，我在埃及旅游.
(3)表示故事發(fā)生的背景
It was a sunny morning. Some people were sitting on the riverbank. Some were walking with their dogs. Several boys were playing football nearby...
一個陽光明媚的清晨.河堤上坐著幾個人.有的人在溜狗.不遠處有幾個男童在踢足球...
(4)與某些動詞連用時，代替過去將來時
這類動詞有 come來, go去, leave離開, start開始, stay逗留 等.主語必須是人.
He telephoned me, saying that his aunt was coming to see me soon.
他打電話給我，說他姨很快就要看我了.
五、現(xiàn)在完成時
謂語動詞構成：I/we/you/they have worked; he/she/it has worked
(1)表示過去某一時刻發(fā)生，且延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，這種情況常與表示一段的時間狀語連用
We have lived here since last October. 自從去年十月份我們就一直住在這兒。
She has studied English for 5 years. 她學英語已有5年之久
(2) 表示某個已經(jīng)發(fā)生且對現(xiàn)在造成影響或結果的動作，這種情況常不與任何時間狀語連用
I'm sorry I have lost my key. I can't open the door.
對不起，我把鑰匙弄丟了.門開不了了.
She has left. If you want to see her, you'll have to come tomorrow.
她已經(jīng)走了.如果你想見她的話，你得明天再來一趟.
英語學習—語法—現(xiàn)在進行時
謂語動詞構成：I am =I’m working , she/he/it is = he’s等 working
, We/you/they are =We’re等working
(1)表示說話時正在進行或發(fā)生的動作
Please don’t make so much noise, I’m writing a composition.
不要吵鬧,我正在寫作文.
Let’s set off, it isn’t raining now.咱們出發(fā)把,現(xiàn)在天不下雨了.
(2)有時通過上下問可以判斷出應采用何種時態(tài)
Its four o’clock in the afternoon, the children are playing football on the sports ground.現(xiàn)在是下午4點,孩子們在操場上踢足球.
(3)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行而說話時不一定在進行的動作
We are working in a factory these days.這幾天我們在一家工廠工作.
They are compiling a dictionary.他們在編一本詞典.
(4)在口語中表示主語計劃將要做的動作
They are leaving for New York tomorrow.明天他們將要動身前往紐約.
(5)現(xiàn)在進行時與always等副詞連用時帶有感情色彩
He's always quarrelling with others.他老喜歡跟別人吵架.
She is constantly worrying about her son's health. 她不停地為她兒子的健康擔心著.
The boy is forever asking questions.那個男孩老是提問問題.
(6)有的現(xiàn)在進行時句子和一般現(xiàn)在時同義。用現(xiàn)在進行時表示問者的關切心情
How are you feeling today? 你今天感覺如何？
I am looking forward to your next visit.我盼望你下次再來.
Why are you looking so sad? 為什么你看起來這么愁眉苦臉的樣子呢？
(7)有的動詞用于現(xiàn)在進行時表示“逐漸”的含義
Our study is becoming more interesting. 我們的學習變得越來越有趣了.
The leaves are turning red. 樹葉漸漸地變紅了.
Wait a moment， I am finishing my supper. 等一會兒，我的晚飯就要吃完了.
(8)“be”動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時。“be”動詞用于現(xiàn)在進行時表示說話者認為是短暫的、和平常不一樣的、甚至是偽裝的.
He is being foolish. 他在裝傻.
He is being honest. 他表現(xiàn)得特別老實.
I can't understand why he is being so selfish.我不明白此時他為何如此自私.
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