新概念英語第二冊語法精粹
分詞
1．分詞的性質：
具有形容詞性質，可以在句中擔任表語、定語、賓補、狀語，現在分詞表示主動，且動作在進行：過去分詞表示被動，或動作已完成。
2．分詞的形式：
例： write (vt) rise (vi)
主動語態 被動語態 主動 過去分詞
時態
現在時 writing being written rising risen /
完成時 having written having been written having risen /
3．分詞的用法：
（1）定語 分詞置于被修飾名詞前
分詞短語于置于被修飾名詞后
a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping
a running dog = a dog which is running
a broken glass = a glass which is broken
a beaten team = a team which is beaten（beaten 是被打敗的意思）
This is the problem discussed at the last meeting.
The problem being discussed is very important.
（2）表語：The book is interesting.
He is interested in the book.
The news is exciting.
He feels excited.
（3）賓語補足語：
When I woke up, I found my mother sitting beside me.
I'd like to havethis package weighed.
掌握精髓：動詞不定式作賓語表示動作的全過程，而現在分詞作賓補表示動作正在進行；過去分詞表示被動概念。
（4）狀語：（以下例句值得一背！）
① If you turn to the left, you'll find the station.
→ Turning to the left, you'll find the station.
② As I didn't receive her letter, I called her up by telephone.
→ Not receiving her letter, I called her up by telephone.
③ While I was walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.
→ Walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.
④ When she was asked it she had any bad habit, she answeredthat she was a heavy smoker.
→ Asked if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.
你知道嗎？注意：在運用此類句型時主語前后要保持一致。
① Whenschool was over, the boys went home.
→ Being over, the boys went home. ×
School being over, the boys went home. √
② As my homework has been done, I have nothing else to do.
→ My homework having been done, I have nothing else to do.
③ Ifweather permits, I'll start tomorrow.
→ Weather permitting, I'll start tomorrow.
④ I fwe judge from his face, he must be ill.
→ Judging from his face, he must be ill.（這里應該是 we judging ...，但若主語是we, one, you表示“一般人”，主語可省略）
實際上，這里涉及到獨立主格結構問題，以后在作分解！
4．分詞的時態：
現在分詞一般時表示此動作與主句謂語動詞同時發生。
現在分詞完成時表示此動作在主句謂語動詞之前發生。
Entering the room, hesaw he. （幾乎同時）
Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam. （分詞動作在前）
5．語態：現在分詞一般時被動表動作正在被進行，完成時被動強調分詞所表示的動作先被完成。
The ships being loaded and unloaded belong to us.
Having been warned of typhoon, the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor.（漁民先被告知而后駛向港口）
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