七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)整理
在我們平凡無(wú)奇的學(xué)生時(shí)代，很多人都經(jīng)常追著老師們要知識(shí)點(diǎn)吧，知識(shí)點(diǎn)是指某個(gè)模塊知識(shí)的重點(diǎn)、核心內(nèi)容、關(guān)鍵部分。哪些知識(shí)點(diǎn)能夠真正幫助到我們呢？以下是小編為大家整理的七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)整理，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)整理 1
【語(yǔ)法】
1、指示代詞this,these;thosethat的用法。
2、代詞主格Iheshethey的用法。
3、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
二.難點(diǎn)講評(píng)
1.Thisismysister.這是我的姐姐。
釋：當(dāng)?shù)谌呓o雙方作介紹時(shí)，通常用“Thisis+姓名”這一句型，在這種場(chǎng)合，不說(shuō)Sheis…“她是……”或He……“他是……”。
例如：ThisisWeiHua.這是魏華。
ThisisJimGreen.這是吉姆格林。
MrWang,thisismymum.王老師，這是我的媽媽。
注：Thisis不能縮寫，因?yàn)閠his是以“s”結(jié)尾。向別人介紹第三者時(shí)，指遠(yuǎn)處的人時(shí)，應(yīng)用That’s…句型，意為“那位是……”。
例如：—Who’sthat?—It’smybrother.—那位是誰(shuí)?—是我的哥哥。
2.Thisis…句型
釋：除了加姓名作介紹用語(yǔ)之外，還可以用來(lái)加名詞表示這是某某物品等。
例如：Thisisabook.這是一本書。
Thisisapen.這是一支鋼筆。
注：當(dāng)你向別人介紹兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人時(shí)，常說(shuō)：Theseare……。
例如：Thesearemysistersandbrothers.這些是我的姐姐和兄弟。
3.Issheyouraunt?她是你的嬸嬸嗎?
釋：本句是“sheis…”的`一般問(wèn)句，它的肯定回答為Yes,sheis.否定回答為No,sheisn’t.
當(dāng)aunt或uncle后面更姓時(shí)，這兩個(gè)詞和姓的首字母都要大寫。例如：AuntWangUncleLi
4.add…to…“把……填到……上面”
例如：Pleaseaddtheapplestothetree.請(qǐng)把這些蘋果填到這棵樹上。
5.familytree意為“家譜”.
釋：在這個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)中，名詞family作定語(yǔ)，修飾后面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞tree。在名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，須用單數(shù)修飾后面的名詞。
如：schoolbags書包Englishteachers英語(yǔ)老師boystudents男生
七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)整理 2
[第一類] 名詞類
1. 這些女老師們?cè)诟墒裁?
[誤] What are the woman teachers doing?
[正] What are the women teachers doing?
[析] 在英語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)一名詞作定語(yǔ)修飾另一名詞(單或復(fù)數(shù)形式)時(shí)，作定語(yǔ)的名詞一般要用其單數(shù)形式;但當(dāng)man, woman作定語(yǔ)修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式men, women.
2. 房間里有多少人?
[誤] How many peoples are there in the room?
[正] How many people are there in the room?
[析] people作“人、人們”解時(shí)，是個(gè)集合名詞，其單復(fù)數(shù)同形。
3. 我想為我兒子買兩瓶牛奶。
[誤] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.
[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.
[析] 表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時(shí)，常用“a/ an或數(shù)詞+表量的可數(shù)名詞+ of + 不可數(shù)名詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)，其中當(dāng)數(shù)詞大于1時(shí)，表量的可數(shù)名詞要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。
[第二類] 動(dòng)詞類
4. 你妹妹通常什么時(shí)候去上學(xué)?
[誤] What time does your sister usually goes to school?
[正] What time does your sister usually go to school?
[析] 借助助動(dòng)詞do(或does)構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句或否定句時(shí)，句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用其原形。
5. 琳達(dá)晚上經(jīng)常做作業(yè)，但今晚她在看電視。
[誤] Linda often do her homework in the evening, but this evening shewatching TV.
[正] Linda often does her homework in the evening, but this evening sheis watching TV.
[析] 在初一英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)階段，我們接觸到了兩種主要時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常和often, usually, sometimes 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子中，若主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用其第三人稱單數(shù)形式。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由be(am / is / are)+ving形式構(gòu)成。
6. 這雙鞋是紅色的。
[誤] This pair of shoes are red.
[正] This pair of shoes is red.
[析] 在shoes,trousers, gloves, glasses等表示成雙成對(duì)的衣物或工具名詞前用pair(表計(jì)量)修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式由pair的`單復(fù)數(shù)形式來(lái)決定。
[第三類] 代詞類
7. 這張票是她的，不是我的。
[誤] This is hers ticket. It’s not my.
[正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine.
[析] 物主代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞之分。形容詞性物主代詞之后一定要接名詞，而名詞性物主代詞之后不需接任何詞。
8. 吳老師教我們英語(yǔ)。
[誤] Miss Wu teaches our English.
[正] Miss Wu teaches us English.
[析] teach sb. sth..中的sb.作teach的賓語(yǔ)，因此當(dāng)sb.為人稱代詞時(shí)要用其賓格形式。
[第四類] 介詞類
9. 你能找到這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案嗎?
[誤] Can you find the answer of this question?
[正] Can you find the answer to this question?
[析] 英語(yǔ)中用“theanswer to …”表示“……的答案”。類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有the key to the door, the way to the zoo等。
10. 格林先生星期六上午來(lái)這里。
[誤] Mr. Green will come here in Sunday evening.
[正] Mr. Green will come here on Sunday evening.
[析] 表示在上午、下午等時(shí)，介詞要用in;而表示在具體的某天上午、下午時(shí)，介詞要用on.
11. 那個(gè)穿著紅裙子的小女孩是我們老師的女兒。
[誤] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.
[正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.
[析] 用介詞表示“穿戴衣物”時(shí)，只能用in，其他介詞沒(méi)有此用法。
七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)整理 3
一、七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法--詞法
(一)名詞
1.名詞的數(shù)
我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：
(1)在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
(2)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
(3)①以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
②以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
(4)以o結(jié)尾加s(外來(lái)詞)。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
(5)以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
(6)單復(fù)數(shù)相同(不變的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
(7)一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒(méi)有單數(shù)的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
(8)單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學(xué), family家，家庭成員
(9)合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
(10)有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞
(11) 單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs
(12) 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
2.名詞的格
當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：
(1)單數(shù)在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
(2)復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’ Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day婦女節(jié)
(3)由and并列的名詞所有時(shí)，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個(gè)’s，但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間)，Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)
(二)代詞
項(xiàng)目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞
人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性
第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself
復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself
復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves
(三)動(dòng)詞
1.第三人稱單數(shù)
當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的'單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)那樣加s，如下：
(1)一般在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
(2)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes
(3)①以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
�、谝栽糇帜讣觵結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
(4)以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does, goes
(5)特殊的有：are-is, have-has
2.現(xiàn)在分詞
當(dāng)我們說(shuō)某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：
(1)一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
(2)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
(4)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
(四)形容詞的級(jí)
我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下：
(1) 一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
(2)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
(3) 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
(4)特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn))
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
(五)數(shù)詞 (基變序，有規(guī)則;一、二、三，自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結(jié)尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法--句式
(一)陳述句
肯定陳述句
1. This is a book. (be動(dòng)詞)
2. He looks very young. (連系動(dòng)詞)
3. I want a sweat like this. (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)
4. I can bring some things to school. (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)
5. There’s a computer on my desk. (There be結(jié)構(gòu))
否定陳述句
1. These aren’t their books.
2.They don’t look nice.
3. Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School.
4. Kate can’t find her doll.
5. There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)
(二)祈使句
肯定祈使句
1. Please go and ask the man.
2. Let’s learn English!
3. Come in, please.
否定祈使句
1. Don’t be late.
2. Don’t hurry.
(三)疑問(wèn)句
1. 一般疑問(wèn)句
(1)Is Jim a student?
(2) Can I help you?
(3) Does she like salad?
(4) Do they watch TV?
(5) Is she reading?
肯定回答:
(1) Yes, he is.
(2) Yes, you can.
(3) Yes, she does.
(4) Yes, they do.
(5) Yes, she is.
否定回答:
(1) No, he isn’t.
(2) No, you can’t.
(3) No, she doesn’t.
(4) No, they don’t.
(5) No, she isn’t.
2. 選擇疑問(wèn)句
Is the table big or small?
回答 It’s big./ It’s small.
3.特殊疑問(wèn)句
(1) 問(wèn)年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
(2) 問(wèn)種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
(3) 問(wèn)身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
(4) 問(wèn)方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.
(5) 問(wèn)原因 Why do you want to join the club?
(6) 問(wèn)時(shí)間 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.
When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.
(7) 問(wèn)地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.
(8) 問(wèn)顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.
What’s your favourite color? It’s black.
(9) 問(wèn)人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
(10) 問(wèn)東西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
(11) 問(wèn)姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.
What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.
What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.
(12) 問(wèn)哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box.
(13) 問(wèn)字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.
(14) 問(wèn)價(jià)格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.
(15) 問(wèn)電話號(hào)碼 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.
(16) 問(wèn)謂語(yǔ)(動(dòng)作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.
(17) 問(wèn)職業(yè)(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher.
What’s your father? He’s a doctor.
三、七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法--時(shí)態(tài)
(一)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長(zhǎng)期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它有：
Be 動(dòng)詞：She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.
行為動(dòng)詞：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.
Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.
(二)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.
I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.
They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.
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