初中英語語法： 狀語從句
狀語從句
在復合句中，修飾主句中的動詞、形容詞或副詞等的從句叫狀語從句。狀語從句根據它表達的意思可分為時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、讓步、比較(或方式)和條件等類。
1.時間狀語從句
引導連詞有when，while，till，not…until，since，after ,before ,as soon as
The bus won’t start until everybody gets on.
公共汽車直到每人都上車為止，才開動。
When he knocked at the door I was cooking.
當他敲門時，我正在煮飯。
Last night before he came back home, his wife had already cooked dinner and waited for 2 hours.
昨天晚上在他回到家之前，他的妻子已經做好晚飯足足等了他兩小時之久。
After I went to church, I went shopping.
2.地點狀語從句
地點狀語從句通常由where, wherever引導。
Where there is a will, there is a way.哪里有志向，哪里就有出路。有志者事竟成。
Where there is a life, there is a hope.哪里有生命，哪里就有希望。留得青山在，不怕沒柴燒。
Wherever you go, whatever you do, I will be right here waiting for you.
不管你去哪里，不管你做什么，我都會在此守侯你。
3.原因狀語從句
引導連詞有because，as, since。
He didn′t see the film because he had seen it.
他沒有看那部電影，因為他已經看過了。
They couldn’t get on the train，for it was too crowed.
比較：because, since, as和for
1) because語勢最強，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或since。
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2)由because引導的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
注意
because不能和so連用。
4.目的狀語從句
引導連詞有that，so that…，in order that。
He must get up early so that he can catch the first bus.
他必須早起，以便能趕上第一輛公共汽車。
He repainted the house so that he could welcome the guests.
Millions of trees are planted in North China so that the sand can be stopped from moving south.
The mother left work earlier in order that she could be at home when the children arrived.
So that …——以便/以致……
例如：
(1)They studied hard so that they could pass the exam.
(2)They started early so that they caught the early bus.
注意點：
在例句
(1)中,是引導目的狀語;在例句
(2)中，是引導結果狀語。一般來講，從句中含有情態動詞的，為目的狀語。無情態動詞的，為結果狀語。
5.結果狀語從句
引導連詞有that，so…that…，such….that
The box is so heavy that I can’t lift it.
這個盒子如此沉，以致我無法抬起來。
such+名詞性詞組+that…
So+形容詞/副詞+that…——如此……以致……
例如：
(1)She is such a good teacher that we all love her.
(2)It was such a hot day that they didn’t go out for a walk as usual.
注意點：
1.such+a+形容詞+名詞+that…，可以改寫成：so+形容詞+a+名詞+that…，例句(1)可以改寫成：She is so good a teacher that we all love her.
2.在such+形容詞+名詞復數或不可數名詞+that…結構中，形容詞如果是many/few或much/little時，用so不用such，即：so+many/few+可數名詞復數+that…，so+much/little+不可數名詞+that…
(1)There are so many people in the room that I can’t get in.
(2)The man has so much money that he can buy a car.
6.讓步狀語從句
引導連詞有though，although; even though/if; whatever; however
Although he is young，he knows a lot of things.
雖然他年齡小，但卻認識許多事物。
Even though you don’t like him, you still have to be polite.
Whatever you say, I will not change my mind.
注意
although，though不能和but連用。
7.比較(方式)狀語從句以than為引導連詞。常見連詞(as)…as.., …than…; the…, the…
Jim is older than Lucy(is).
吉姆比路希年長。
Skiing is more exciting than running.
The more you practice, the more knowledge you will get.
注意
than引導的比較狀語從句中的謂語常省略。
8.條件狀語從句以if, unless為引導連詞。
If you eat bad food，you may be ill.
如果你吃到壞了的食物，就會生病。
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will have a sports meet.
注意
主句是將來時，從句用一般現在時。
狀語從句中常見的誤點
1)時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中的時態與主句的搭配：(俗稱：主將從現)
2)原因狀語從句because與because of ;
Because+從句和because of + pron
例如：I was late because I didn’t catch the bus.
I was late because of the rain.