貝多芬的英文簡介
貝多芬簡介
Ludwig van Beethoven (Ludwig van Beethoven) December 16, 1770 - March 26, 1827, at the age of 57 years, Germany's outstanding musicians, Vienna, one of the representatives of classical music, the history of world music One of the greatest composers. His works on the development of world music has a very far-reaching impact, so be known as "music" and "the king of the symphony."
Beethoven's main works take the top nine symphonies. The fifth symphony "Fate", the sixth symphony in F major, "Pastoral", the seventh symphony of A major, the ninth symphony of d minor " Chorus "(" Ode to the Song "the main melody), Overture" Love Gormon "," Leonora ", rose c minor fourteenth piano sonata" moonlight ", F major fifth Violin sonata" spring ", F major The second romantic song.
His nine symphonies play a decisive role in the development of world music, and his late works are romantic. His "moonlight" in the form of legends appeared in the textbooks of the sixth grade of the primary school language (on "26. Moonlight").
Beethoven's position in the history of music is extremely prominent, he is not only a master of classical style, but also a pioneer of romantic style. As a master of music, Beethoven is also a considerable degree of attention to the art of music, he is a pioneer in the creation of German art songs, life has piano accompaniment of more than sixty songs, his artistic songs with a very rich expression of the way and form To show, express the feelings of all mankind. In the field of art songs made remarkable achievements. From 1896 began to feel the increasingly weak hearing, 1813 - 1817 Beethoven's creation is also a temporary decline; 1818 - 1827 Beethoven left ear deafness, health deterioration, forty-six Beethoven hearing has been completely lost.
貝多芬個人經歷
Childhood experience
December 16, 1770, Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany, poor families. The father is the mediocre choir of the house choir of the tenor, the mother is a much tortured palace chef's daughter. His grandfather was the chief of the Bonn Palace Orchestra. In his father's strict training, Beethoven revealed the music of talent, but Beethoven is often beaten by his father.
Beethoven 4 years old will play the harpsichord, and get the reputation of the music prodigy; at the age of 5 suffering from otitis media; 8 years old began to perform on stage; 10 years old, he was the most famous music education in Prussia Beethoven's 11-year-old first "Piano Variations" at the age of 12; 12 years old by Nie Fei's recommendation, to Walterstein's palace band as organist assistant, then Beethoven's "music servant" The career began. 13-year-old Beethoven participated in the court band as an organist and an old pianist.
Study experience
In 1781 Beethoven followed the band conductor Kristian Gott Roberto Nefer learning piano and composer, Beethoven also with Franz Anton Reese learn violin, under the guidance of the new teacher makes Beethoven began to form their own unique style of.
In 1787 to Vienna, began to follow Mozart, Haydn and others to learn composition, at the beginning, Mozart wanted to see his ability to let him play music, Mozart heard his playing after the prediction of one day Beethoven will shake the world The
Beethoven arrived in Vienna shortly after the death of his mother, he had to immediately back to Bonn. As a result of the family's drag, until the fall of 1792 his father died, he came to Vienna for the second time, but then Mozart is no longer alive.
Beethoven also followed Schenck, Albrecht Borg and Salieri and others to learn. He was in Bonn through contacts with the intellectuals of Browning, access to many well-known professors, writers and musicians, and from them, by the "hurricane" trend of influence. His democratic ideology had matured in the years before the French Revolution, but grew rapidly in the revolutionary era. Beethoven during this period to create "prelude to F", two preludes and so on.
Painful experience
Beethoven began to write the first symphony at the age of thirty, from 1796 began to feel the hearing is weakening, his love of life and the pursuit of art to overcome his personal pain and despair, suffering into He created the source of strength, he strangled the fate of the throat.
He still painstakingly created "hero symphony"; "Hero Symphony" marks the Beethoven's state of mind turn, but also marks his creation of "heroic age" began.
Beethoven's later stage in Vienna, as Europe is experiencing a period of severe political reaction, that is, Mettner's reactionary rule is particularly rampant.
1818 - 1817 Beethoven's creation is also temporarily showing a decline; 1818 to 1827 Beethoven in the ears deaf, the deterioration of health, the spirit of torture, still with the giant perseverance created the "Ninth Symphony" Summed up his glorious, epic life, and show the good wishes of mankind.
In 1823, Beethoven completed his last masterpiece in his life - the Ninth Symphony.
In his later years
Forty-six-year-old Beethoven heard completely lost, still adhere to the music creation. In his later years, Beethoven created the last few string quartets.
In 1826, Beethoven was unable to complete due to serious illness.
In December 1826, Beethoven suffered from severe colds leading to pulmonary edema.
March 26, 1827, Beethoven died in Vienna.
On the day of his burial, all the schools were closed for mourning, twenty thousand people attended the funeral of Beethoven, and his tombstone was engraved with the inscription of the Austrian poet Greer Barty: "... when you stand in front of his coffin , Is not shy, but a kind of lofty feelings; we only have such a talent for him can say: he completed the great cause ... ... "
貝多芬創(chuàng)作風格
Beethoven's works are known for their heroic, dramatic and thoughtfulness. As he himself said: "music should make the human spirit burst out of the spark." For example, his most famous "fifth" fate "Symphony" in the "fate movement" describes the brutal fate of the struggle, and ultimately win The faith.
He created a total of nine symphonies, one of the most well-known for the "third" hero "symphony", "fifth" fate "symphony", "sixth" pastoral "symphony" and "ninth" chorus "symphony".
His piano music works are known for his passion for boldness and contrast. Piano sonata plays an important role in his work, not only reflects the evolution of his personal music creation style, but also indicates the piano music from classicalism into the romantic process.
Starting from the third movement of his second sonata, Beethoven replaced the small steps with Haydn and Mozart with a scherzo. Since then the structure of the sonata is: the first movement, the drama of conflict; the second movement, lyrical or contemplative adaption, used to express the complex inner emotional ups and downs; third movement, small step, Beethoven replaced with scherzo ; The fourth movement, rondo, warm, festive characteristics.
The most famous of the sonata works is "warm", "sad", "moonlight", "dawn" and "storm" five.
In Beethoven's later years, he also wrote six string quartets, which represent the "quartet of the B-Major". In the creation of vocal works, there are vocal divertimento "to the distant lover", Cantata "solemn mass" and other important works. One of his most important operas is "Ferdinand".
Beethoven's work by the eighteenth century Enlightenment and the German Hurricane sudden movement of the impact of distinct personality, than the predecessors have made great progress. In music performance, he almost involved all the music genre at that time; greatly improved the performance of the piano, so that the symphonic drama effect; also make the symphony become a direct reflection of social change in the form of important music.
Beethoven set the culmination of classical music, while opening up the romantic music of the road, the development of world music has a pivotal role, known as the "music Saint".
Beethoven's creative idea is broad, magnificent image, deep feelings, contrast, which makes him emphasis on the use and expansion of the sonata style; at the same time because of the rich and varied image, the use of the works in the sonata and have their own characteristics.
Beethoven's other orchestral works include "Violin Concerto", five piano concertoes, two preludes, piano bands, chorus fantasy, two violin tunes and band romance.
His music, from that full of sunshine and youthful vitality behind the joy, often still can feel a pain, depression and sadness. only Beethoven, he is not only angry against the feudal system of autocracy, and with his music called for people to fight for freedom and happiness.
Beethoven in addition to absorb the traditional classical sonata structure reasonable ingredients, but also in their own creation to be greater innovation:
The use of the primer
Read the works of classical masters, from Haydn, Mozart to Crowe, Klemen Mentor, etc., their works are often straight to the point, straightforward meaning, the introductory part is often omitted. only Beethoven, he gives the primer a new meaning, just like a concert prelude or opera prelude, the primer is often as a preface or a relatively independent part of the music content is briefly summarized, and implied, inspired, transition, description and so on. Such as "warm" third movement 1-19 section of the introduction, "Sorrow" the first movement of the 1-10 section of the introduction, the rise of the fourth anniversary of the V verse Sonata piano sonatas 1-4 section of the introduction and so on.
The presentation department is not repeated
We know that in the analysis of classical sonata presentation department, often will find the first repeated mark, the first repeated before the mark for all the presentation. But in the "warm", Beethoven has this repeated mark omitted, it can not be said that Beethoven's "classical frame" betrayal and innovation. Of course, the presentation of the song is not repeated mainly music content development results.
The part of the connection, the expansion and the end of the full independence
Beethoven's work, "start" is only relatively unfolded, often "symbolic", and "connection" and "end" is a mere identity in the work, there is no independence Meaning, is transferred from the tone or tone, to "bridge" in the identity of the work of the secondary position; some simply put the expansion of the Department. Beethoven has given the expansion, the connection and the end of the new meaning, in space and art height, is predecessors can not. There is 71 steps (65-135) in the first movement of the "passion", the connection is 20 (16-35) and the end is 15 (51-65). While the third movement of the expansion of the Department has 94 knots as much as (118-211), the connection is accounted for 40 sections of the giant (36-75); and in this section to give the connection part of a certain degree of independence and more Strong melodic tendency.
The end
The unprecedented development of the end is not only in the length of the elongation, and more valuable is that Beethoven still give the end of the relative independence of the meaning. "Passion" of the first movement ending 59 (that is 204-262), the third movement ending 54 (that is, 308-361). He often refers to the main part of the vice part of the music material, the tail for the mixed development, and to the end of the more specific Ad Ha. ("Warmth" the first part of the first part of the movement section 239), presto "passion" the third part of the third part of the movement section 308), as well as other terms such as piuallegro speed or intensity, so that the end becomes a relatively complete four-phrase structure of independence paragraph.
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