《霸王別姬》英文閱讀
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On stage, he was a woman
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THE biopic Forever Enthralled (Chinese title: Mei Lanfang) is an effort to capture the great master during three periods of his life.
First, as he defeats a elder stage rival and becomes a favorite of the day; then, as he conducts a romance with a female star who plays male roles (Zhang Ziyi); and last, when he defies Japanese invaders and refuses to perform.
In subject matter, this is filmmaker Chen Kaige’s follow-up to Farewell, My Concubine, which is artistically the better film. Some say the 1993 film is a veiled biography of Mei Lanfang because it featured one of his signature roles.
In Forever Enthralled, Chen has not kept strictly to the facts of Mei’s life. Several of the supporting characters in the film are composites. And the matter of Mei’s three wives, whom he was married to at the same time for a while, receives less emphasis. Wife No 1 is not in the film at all and Wife No 3 is downgraded to a mere affair.
Mei does not come across as sharp and three-dimensional in this elaborate period drama. His character does not change or show moral anguish.
Beautiful woman
In the film, Mei Lanfang does not hesitate much before throwing down the gauntlet to the older master. He does not suffer from qualms of guilt when he flirts with the Zhang Ziyi character while his wife watches from a balcony. He does not hesitate when choosing to give up the stage in Japanese-occupied Shanghai.
Opera singers in drag were the norm when women were not allowed to go on stage. It was similar to the theater of Shakespeare’s day, when teenage boys took on female roles.
But male actors and singers who dressed as women did so for reasons other than of necessity. Perhaps they were motivated by homosexual or transvestite desire when they took on female roles.
Arguably, with gender equality, women have a chance to play these roles with more natural grace. But there is a certain beauty about a man being more feminine on stage than a woman.
A beautiful woman playing a beautiful woman is basically like Whitney Houston starring in the movie The Bodyguard. But with a man, it’s like a magic show. You know it’s not real, but you’re fooled into believing in it nonetheless.
Natural artists
The allure of nandan lies in the sexual ambiguity. When these men, dressed and made-up as women, soar into the falsetto range, the clear line between male and female is suspended. We enjoy these singers of the Chinese tradition for the same reason we appreciate Michael Jackson or Vitas.
Art can imitate nature; it can also contradict nature. Many artists combine the natural and the unnatural. Mei Lanfang’s artistry elevated the old practice of men taking female roles to a new height.
Different roles in Peking opera
IN Forever Enthralled, Leon Lai plays Mei Lanfang, who played Dan in operas.
The Dan (旦) refers to any female role in Peking opera. Dan roles were originally divided into five subtypes. Old women were played by laodan, martial women were wudan, young female warriors were daomadan, virtuous and elite women were qingyi, and vivacious and unmarried women were huadan.
Zhang Ziyi played Meng Xiaodong, who, as Mei’s lover, plays Sheng in operas.
The Sheng (生) is the main male role in Beijing opera. This role has numerous subtypes. The laosheng is a dignified older role. Young male characters are known as xiaosheng, while the wusheng is a martial character for roles involving combat.
AGENCIES
英語(yǔ)詞匯解析
ambiguity 模糊anguish 痛苦
biopic 名人傳記片
bubbly 有活力的
composite 合成物
enthralled 迷醉
falsetto [音]假音
homosexual 同性戀的
impersonate 扮演
qualm 疑慮
transvestite 異裝癖
vacuous 虛榮的
veiled 隱藏的
vivacious 活潑的
BONUS
Expressions
in drag
男穿女裝
Leslie Cheung looked amazing in drag in Farewell, My Concubine!
《霸王別姬》里男扮女裝的張國(guó)榮看上去好美。
throw down the gauntlet
挑戰(zhàn)
He was quick to take up the gauntlet thrown down by the opposition.
他立即接受了對(duì)方提出的挑戰(zhàn)。
Citation interpretation
At the end of the Qin Dynasty, when Xiang Yu was trapped and defeated, he made a generous lament and bade farewell to his beloved concubine Yu Ji and his beloved horse. The book of Historical Records. Volume 7. The Book of Xiang Yu. After describe the hero in the end of the road, generous tragic, lonely. Also called (Bawang's Lament), (cry goodbye to Yu Ji), (Yu Yu song farewell), (Yu Ji farewell).
Opera plays. Qin Dynasty story play. After Liu Bang and Xiang Yu made an agreement to divide, their respective strike out. Han Xin tricked Xiang Yu into invading the army and laid an ambush on all sides in Shili Mountain, trapping Xiang Yu in Gaixia. In the camp, Xiang Yu heard the Han troops singing songs of the Chu people on all sides. He thought that all the Chu troops had surrendered to the Han. Instead, he had a drink with his beloved concubine Yu Ji. After Yu Ji committed suicide, Xiang Yu cut his way out of the siege, and when he reached Wujiang River, he felt ashamed to see Jiangdong men again, so he committed suicide.
Source of idiom
It is recorded in the Annals of the Grand Historian, The Original Records of Xiang Yu that the overlord Xiang Yu was defeated in the war with Liu Bang for the feudal imperium. He realized that the situation was over and had to break away from Yu Ji on the eve of breaking through the siege.
Historical allusion
Beauty name Yu, Chang Xing from; His horse was a famous horse, and he rode it often. It was a dark and dark night. Xiang Wang wept for a few lines, left and right, Mo can look up.
"There is a beauty named Yu", but did not pass down later "Yu Ji" its name; It was not until the books of the Tang Dynasty such as Kuodi zhi that the name of Yu Ji appeared. Of course, "Ji" is just a proxy name, not Yu Ji's real name. The name of the Five Dynasties was simply called Yu Beauty.
Ban Gu said in the Biography of Sima Qian, The Book of Han: "Sima Qian, according to Zuo Shi Shi and Guoyu, adopted the Shi Shi and the Policies of the Warring States to describe the Spring and Autumn Annals of Chu and Han Dynasties, followed by the subsequent events and ended up in the Tian and Han Dynasties." The book "Chu Han Spring and Autumn Annals" was written by Lu Jia in the early Han Dynasty and lost in the Southern Song Dynasty. There is no doubt that Sima Qian wrote the Records of the Historian with reference to the Chu and Han Spring and Autumn Annals: "Ai Sima Qian wrote the Records of the Historian according to the Chu and Han Spring and Autumn Annals, so he said the Qin and Han affairs in particular detail." However, in the Spring and Autumn Annals of Chu and Han, "the beauty of harmony" of the harmony song, the attention to detail and curious Sima Qian did not enter the records of the Historian. Zhang Shoujie in the Tang Dynasty quoted this harmony song from the Spring and Autumn Annals of Chu and Han in his Historical Records of Justice:
The song said, "The Han soldiers have already left the land. The Chu song is everywhere. Your Majesty is exhausted.
There have long been suspicions that this harmony song is a forgery of later generations, because there were no such mature five-character poems in the Qin and Han dynasties. However, the laments of Lady Qi recorded in the Biography of Waiqi, The Book of Han, are already quite mature five-character poems: "Son is king, mother is rupp, Chung thin curtain is made up all day long, and death is often associated with it! Who should tell you when you are three thousand li away?" The Qin folk song recorded in Li Daoyuan's "Water classics Notes · River" is also quite mature five-character poetry: "Born male caution do not lift, born female feeding with preserved. Without seeing the Great Wall, the dead bodies look like pillars." Therefore, "Chu Han Spring and Autumn" recorded this song is not a fake, there should be no problem.
The Spring and Autumn Annals of Chu and Han Dynasty and the Chronicles of Xiang Yu are the earliest records of "Farewell My Concubine". Neither book deals with the ending of Yu Ji. With common sense, Yu Ji could not have survived, otherwise there would have been no folk word-of-mouth rumor of Yu Ji's suicide, and it would not have reached the position of "Xiang Yu Beauty tomb" in the Tang Dynasty. Gaixia War, surrounded by the sound of Chu Chu tent drink sword can only be the only outcome of Yu Ji.
Idiom story
Xiang Yu thought back to the past, he had a beautiful concubine Yu Ji by his side: a BMW horse, which often rode on his legs. And now... Xiang Yu was generous with his lament and wrote a poem of his own: "If he could pull up a mountain, his arrogance would overwhelm the whole world. Horse not galloping ah how to do, Yu Ji ah Yu Ji how do I place you!" He sang it again and again, and Yu Ji sang it with him. Xiang Yu wept for a few lines. All the people around him were crying too. No one could raise their heads to look at him.
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